Systemic Scleroderma: Clinical Features and Management in Oral Surgery

Abstract

Introduction: Systemic scleroderma is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by progressive fibrosis of connective tissue and vascular damage. It frequently affects the skin, internal organs, and oral cavity. Oral manifestations—including microstomia, xerostomia, telangiectasias, gingival alterations, and mandibular bone resorption—are common and significantly impact masticatory function, nutrition, oral hygiene, and dental care. Case Report:  We report the case of a 45-year-old female patient diagnosed with systemic scleroderma in 2010, who presented for oral cavity rehabilitation. Extraoral examination revealed a characteristic scleroderma facial appearance and microstomia. Intraoral findings included poor oral hygiene, buccal telangiectasias, an atrophic and depapillated tongue, and gingival inflammation with signs of periodontitis. Panoramic radiography revealed mandibular bone resorption and widening of the periodontal ligament spaces. Conclusion: This article highlights the oral and extraoral clinical signs of systemic scleroderma and discusses the precautions necessary for the management of patients with this condition in oral surgery.